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Japanese aircraft carrier Kaiyō
〔Stille, p. 42〕 was an escort carrier operated by the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) during World War II. The ship was originally built as the ocean liner ''Argentina Maru''. She was purchased by the IJN on 9 December 1942, converted into an escort carrier, and renamed ''Kaiyō''.〔Tully〕 The ship was primarily used as an aircraft transport, escort carrier and training ship during the war. She was badly damaged by repeated air attacks in July 1945 and was scrapped in 1946–48.
==Description==
The ship was ordered as the fast luxury passenger liner ''Argentina Maru'' by ''Osaka Shosen Kaisha'' (OSK) in 1938. In exchange for a subsidy of her building costs by the Navy Ministry, she was designed to be converted to an aircraft carrier.〔Lengerer & Rehm-Takahara 1985a, p. 15〕
''Argentina Maru'' was completed in 1939 and rated at . After being rebuilt, the ship had a length of overall. She had a beam of and a draft of . She displaced at standard load. As part of her conversion, her original diesel engines, which had given her a top speed of , were replaced by a pair of destroyer-type geared steam turbine sets with a total of , each driving one propeller. Steam was provided by four water-tube boilers and ''Kaiyō'' now had a maximum speed of . She carried enough fuel oil to give her a radius of . Her crew numbered 829 officers and men.〔Chesneau, p. 185〕
The ship's flight deck was wide〔Palomar & Genda, p. 461〕 and ''Kaiyō'' had a single hangar, served by two aircraft elevators, mounted on the centerline.〔 She was not built with an island and could operate 24 aircraft.〔 The ship's primary armament consisted of eight 40-caliber 12.7 cm Type 89 anti-aircraft (AA) guns in twin mounts on sponsons along the sides of the hull. They fired projectiles at a rate between 8 and 14 rounds per minute at a muzzle velocity of ; at 45°, this provided a maximum range of , and a maximum ceiling of .〔Campbell, pp. 192–93〕 ''Kaiyō'' was also initially equipped with eight triple 25 mm Type 96 light AA guns, also in sponsons along the sides of the hull.〔 They fired projectiles at a muzzle velocity of ; at 50°, this provided a maximum range of , and an effective ceiling of . The maximum effective rate of fire was only between 110 and 120 rounds per minute due to the frequent need to change the fifteen-round magazines.〔Campbell, p. 200〕 In early July 1944, 20 single 25 mm guns were added as were eight depth charges.〔 Some sources say that a number of 28-round AA rocket launchers were added in late 1944.〔〔Jentschura, Jung and Mickel, p. 59〕 Each rocket weighed and had a maximum velocity of . Their maximum range was .〔Campbell, p. 216〕 Early warning was provided by a Type 2, Mark 2, Model 1 air search radar that was installed on the side of the flight deck in November 1943.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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